A codicil is a signed amendment to an existing will. Use one for a single small change, such as swapping an executor. For bigger changes, or multiple changes over time, a new will is usually cleaner and less likely to cause disputes. Either document generally must be signed with the same formalities as a will.
Cornell's Legal Information Institute describes a codicil as a supplement that amends or revokes a will in whole or in part. It does not replace the underlying will, so the two documents are read together after you die.
| Codicil | New will | |
|---|---|---|
| Best for | One or two small changes | Major or multiple changes |
| Signing | Same formalities as a will in most states | Standard will formalities |
| Risk of confusion | Higher if old will and codicils conflict | Lower, one document |
| Revokes old will? | No, it amends it | Usually, with a revocation clause |
| Cost and effort | Short and quick | Longer, usually still affordable online |
General comparison; rules vary by state.
In most states a codicil must be in writing, signed by you, and witnessed like a will. Many states require two adult witnesses who are not beneficiaries. Handwriting changes on the original will, crossing out names, or attaching a sticky note can invalidate the change or the will, so avoid them. Some states accept a self-proving affidavit with notary; check your state's rules. Keep the codicil with the original will.
Online services let you create and update a will without starting from scratch. See our best online will maker guide. Trust & Will is the partner we link to for guided will and trust packages; check its current pricing and update policy on its site. You can also compare free options. If your estate is complex or contested, see an attorney.
Also review beneficiary designations on retirement accounts and insurance when you change a will, because they override it (guide).
A codicil is a signed legal amendment that changes part of an existing will without replacing it.
Yes, if it meets your state's requirements, which generally mirror those for a will, including signing and witnesses.
Often yes, with a properly signed codicil or a new will. For complex situations, a lawyer lowers the risk of error.
There is no legal limit, but several codicils make the documents hard to read together. Many people rewrite the will after one or two.
A new will usually includes a clause revoking prior wills. Without that clause, conflicting parts of older wills may still matter.
Generally yes. Follow your state's will-signing requirements for witnesses.
Some states accept handwritten changes in limited cases. See our holographic wills guide; a typed, witnessed codicil is safer.
Sources: Cornell LII, Codicil. State rules vary; confirm with your state's probate code or an attorney.
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